李清照本色词的言传问题

The Issue on the Expression of Li Qingzhao's Ci-poems with Distinctive Characteristics

判断一首词之本色,或者非本色,其方法大致有二:一为标准的制定及义界的规限,看其似与非似。这是立论之本。二为题材的辨别及表现方法的抉择,看其所写是感觉、印象,还是思想、认识;是有理之理,还是无理之理;是赋笔白描,还是比兴寄托。这是言传方式的具体运用。前者偏向于主观上的感悟,后者则偏向于客观上的实证及体验。但这并非绝对。作为讲堂实录,仅是示例而已。所谓辨别与抉择,两两并列,仍须作两面观。同一作者,或者不同作者,比兴寄托,一样亦能作得当行出色。用审美标准看,最好的词应当就是本色词;而用功利标准看,非本色的词不一定就不是好的词。

There are two ways to judge whether a Ci-poem is with distinctive characteristics or not. The first way is to set up a standard and draw a defining line to distinguish similarity from non-similarity. This is the principle of our discussion. The other way is to identify the theme and choose the way of expression, for the sake of judging whether what is written is the Ci-poet＇ s feeling and impression, or thought and cognition; whether the Ci-poet＇ s reason is rational or irrational; and whether the Ci-poet uses simple straightforward narration or metaphor and analogy. These are the concrete use of the way of expression. The former is inclined to subjective sensibility, while the latter is inclined to objective demonstration and experience. However, this is not absolutely true. According to the aesthetic standard, the best Ci-poem should be one with distinctive characteristics. But according to the utility standard, a Ci-poem with non-distinctive characteristics is not unnecessarily a good one.