长期有机无机肥配施对黑土养分特征的影响

Effects of Long-Term Different Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Nutrients of the Black Soil

以吉林省公主岭长期定位试验站为基础,研究不同施肥模式对黑土表层（0~20 cm）及亚表层（20~40 cm）土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷的影响。结果表明有机无机肥配施可以提高土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷的含量,尤其以增量有机无机配施处理[1.5（NPKM）],土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量变化最为显著,而常量有机无机配施兼轮作模式[NPKM（2）]土壤碱解氮含量最高。休闲处理土壤中养分含量基本保持试验前的水平。秸秆配施无机肥（SNPK）,对土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量影响不是很明显。总之,从长期来看,合理的施肥尤以有机无机肥相结合会维持土壤性质和生产能力,更有利于农业可持续发展。

Effect of different fertilization patterns on organic matter, available N, P and K contents of upper and sub-upper soil was studied on Gongzhuling Long-Term Position Experimental Station of Jilin Province. The results showed that soil organic matter, available N, P and K contents increased in organic and inorganic fertilizers mixed treatment, and soil organic matter, available P and K increased significantly in incremental organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Soil available N content was the highest in the common organic and inorganic fertilizers and crop rotation patterns treatment. The nutrient contents remained the same level before the test in leisure soil treat- ment. The soil organic matter, available N, P and K contents did not change obviously in the straw with inorganic fer- tilizer NPK treatment. In short, rational fertilization will maintain soil properties and production capacity in long term, and this is favorable to sustainable agricultural development, especially applying a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers.