生育行为如何影响幸福感

How Reproductive Behavior Affects People's Happiness

欧美国家的已有研究大多认为生育行为对幸福感的影响是负面的。本文基于106个城市调查数据首次系统研究了中国人的生育行为与幸福感的关系,得到与已有文献不同的结论:子女数量对幸福感的影响是非线性的;子女的性别结构和性别次序对父母幸福感均有影响;政策外生育行为并没有提高幸福感;生育行为和幸福感的关系与个体的性别、婚姻状态、户口类型、收入水平和年龄等特征密切相关。进一步研究发现,生育行为对幸福感的影响在统计意义和现实意义上都是显著的。本文的政策含义是,实施以"二孩"为主的生育政策有利于提高幸福感的整体水平,而完全自主的生育行为可能降低幸福感;促进性别平等、缩小收入差距、推进城镇化进程,能够间接促进生育行为对幸福感的正面影响;对"失独"等特殊人群应给予制度性救济。

Previous studies find that reproductive behavior has negative effects on people＇ happiness in Eu- rope and North America. Based on survey data of 106 cities, this paper analyzes the relationship between Chinese reproductive behavior and happiness. The result is inconsistent with that of the previous studies. In general, the effects of reproductive behavior on happiness is nonlinear; Children＇s gender and birth order of gender have significant impact on parents＇ happiness; People do not benefit from illegal reproductive be- havior. Moreover, the reproductive behavior may have different effects on happiness among people with dif- ferent gender, marital status and income level. The results suggest that ＂two children＂ policy and promotion of gender equality may help to improve the level of happiness, but completely autonomous reproductive be- havior may make people unhappy; Some special populations such as ＂shidu＂ families should be given insti- tutional supports.