2005—2014年芜湖市5岁以下儿童死亡趋势分析

Trend Analysis on Mortality among Children Under 5 in Wuhu from 2005 to 2014

目的分析芜湖市10年间5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势、城乡差异及死因构成。方法对2005—2014年5岁以下儿童死亡原因进行分析。结果芜湖市5岁以下儿童死亡率年均下降了4.6%,城乡下降趋势不明显,新生儿死亡率占5岁以下儿童死亡率比重波动在46%~62%之间。早产/低出生体重儿的死亡率跃升至第1位,出生窒息跃升至第3位,先天性心脏病维持在第2位水平,溺水、交通意外及呼吸系统疾病死亡比例降幅较为明显。结论 2005—2014年间芜湖市5岁以下儿童死亡率总体上呈下降趋势,新生儿死亡占较大比重。降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关口应前移至孕期,同时应加强助产机构建设和健康教育;有必要建立系统的儿童意外伤害死亡的监测网络。

OBJECTIVE To study the mortality together with the trend of dynamics, differences between urban and rural areas and the causes of death in children under five in Wuhu in the past 10 years. METHODS The data of children under five who died mortality cases in Wuhu from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS In Wuhu, the mortality of children under five decreased 4.6% per year on average, but there were not obvious differences between urban and rural areas. The proportion of neonatal mortality？in children under five was changed from 46% to 62%. Premature or low birth weight/birth became the top cause of the mortality, birth asphyxia became the third and congenital heart disease was the second. The proportion of the death of drowning, traffic accident and respirato- ry system diseases among the mortality decreased significantly. CONCLUSION The mortality of children under five overall showed a trend of decline from 2005 to 2014 in Wuhu, representing a significant proportion of neonatal death. Measures should be taken start- ing from pregnancy in order to reduce the mortality of children under five. The construction of the maternity hospital and health edu- cation should be strengthen at the same time. It was necessary to establish system of children＇ s accidental injury death surveillance network.