北方少数民族剪纸艺术中的萨满文化因素

The Shaman Culture Factor in the Paper-cutting Art of Northern Minorities

我国北方少数民族的剪纸历史悠久,具有独特的民族风格和鲜明的区域特色。北方少数民族的剪纸艺术与民间普遍信奉的萨满教关系密切,可以说民间剪纸的创作起源于萨满巫术。文章通过对与萨满有关的剪纸艺术的研究,分析了萨满文化对北方少数民族剪纸艺术的深刻影响。这些剪纸作品形象地体现了北方少数民族崇尚万物有灵的观念,反映了北方少数民族自然崇拜、图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜和生殖崇拜的普遍现象。从剪纸艺术作品中我们也了解到萨满教对于北方少数民族生产、生活各个方面产生的影响和人们当时的生活状态。

The paper-cutting of northem minorities in China has a long history and has a unique national style and distinctive regional features. The paper-cutting art is closely related to Shamanism commonly believed am- ong people. It can be said that the creation of folk paper-cutting originated in Shaman witchcraft. Based on the study of paper-cutting art related to Shaman, this paper analyzes the deep influence of Shaman culture on the paper-cutting of northern minorities. These paper-cutting works vividly reflect the concepts of there being spirit in everything in the world which is advocated by northern minorities as well as the common phenomena of nature worship, totem worship, ancestor worship and reproduction worship among northern minorities. From the paper-cutting works, we can also learn the influence of Shamanism on production and life of northern minorities and people＇ s living condition at the time.