秦巴山区板栗害虫区系研究

Study on chestnut pests floras at Qin-Ba Mountain Areas

为了促进陕西板栗产业的健康发展,对陕西省秦巴山区板栗害虫的种类及其区系组成进行了连续2 a的调查。秦巴山区板栗害虫有6目49科143属184种。食叶害虫25科85属109种,分别占总科数的51.02%、总属数的59.44%、总种数的59.24%;由古北界、东洋界以及古北-东洋共有种类组成优势类群,其种数分别占该类害虫种数的31.19%、25.69%、33.03%。枝梢害虫15科25属27种,分别占总科数的30.61%、总属数的17.48%、总种数的14.67%;东洋界种类和其它多界种类优势类群,其种数分别占该类害虫种数的37.04%、29.63%。蛀干害虫5科22属32种,分别占总科数的14.28%、总属数的15.28%、总种数的17.39%;由东洋界种类和古北-东洋共有种类构成优势类群,其种数分别占该类害虫种数的31.25%、43.75%。种实害虫5科8属11种,分别占总科数的10.20%、总属数的5.59%、总种数的5.98%;由古北界种类和古北-东洋共有种类组成优势类群,其种数分别占该类害虫种数的27.27%、54.55%。苗木害虫有3科3属5种,分别占总科数的6.12%、总属数的2.10%、总种数的2.72%;由古北界种类和其它多界种类组成优势类群,其种数分别占该类昆虫种数的40.0%、40.0%。在这些害虫中,古北界46种,占该区板栗害虫总种数的25.00%;东洋界47种,占板栗害虫总种数的25.54%;古北-东洋界共有种64种,占板栗害虫总种数的34.78%;其它界种类27种,占该区板栗害虫总种数的14.67%。秦巴山区板栗害虫以古北界、东洋界、东洋-古北共有种类为优势种类。符合陕西板栗分布于古北、东洋两界过渡地带的昆虫区系的组成特点。

In order to promote sound development of chestnut industry in Shanxi, chestnut pests species and their floristic composition had been continuous investigated for two years at Qin-Ba Mountain area in Shanxi Province. The chestnut pests at Qin-Ba Mountain Areas had 6 orders, 49 families, 143 genera, and 184 species. The defoliators had 25 families, 85 genera and 109 species, accounting for 51.02% of total family number, 59.44% of total genera number, and 59.24% of total species number. The Palaearctic Realm, Oriental Realm and Palearctic-Oriental Realm common species were dominant species, accounting for 31.19%, 25.69%, 33.03% of the pests species, respectively. Shoot pests had 15 families, 25 genera and 27 species, accounting for 30.61% of total family number, 17.48% of total genera number, and 14.67%% of total species number. The Oriental Realm species and many other community species consisted of the dominant species, accounting for 37.04% and 29.63% of the pests species, respectively. Trunk borer had 5 families and 22 genera and 32 species, accounting for 14.28% of total family number, 15.28% of total genera number, and 17.39% of total species number. The Oriental Realm species and Palearctic-Oriental Realm common species consisted of the dominant species, accounting for 31.25% and 43.75% of the pests species, respectively： Seed pests had 5 families, 8 genera and 11 species, accounting for 10.20% of total family number, 5.59% of total genera number, and 5.98% of total species number.The Palaearctic Realm species and Oriental-Palaearctic Realm common species consisted of the dominant species, accounting for 27.27% and 54.55% of the pests species, respectively. Seedling pests had 3 families, 3 genera and 5 species, accounting for 6.12% of total family number, 2.10% of total genera number, and 2.72% of total species number. The Palaearctic species and many other community species consisted of the dominant species, accounting for 40.0% and 40.0% of the pests species, respectively. In these insect pests, Palaearctic Realm species （46） accounted for 25% of the total chestnut pest species, the Oriental Realm species （47） accounted for 25.54%, the Palaearctic-Oriental Realm common species （64） accounted for 34.78%, and the other realms species （27） accounted for 14.67%. The Palaearctic Realm species, Oriental Realm species, Palearctic-Oriental Realm common species consisted the dominant species of chestnut pests at Qin-Ba Mountain Areas. The characteristics were in line with distribution of the Shanxi chestnut at the insect floras of the transition zone of the Palaearctic and Oriental Realms.