攸县油茶与大果油茶‘华硕’及其F_1代优株的光合特性

Photosynthetic characteristics of Camellia yuhsienensis, Hu C. oleifera ‘Huashuo' and superior individuals in their F_1 hybrids

为给培育油茶新品种提供理论依据,采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,对‘华硕’、攸县油茶及其F1代优株的光合生理指标及叶绿素含量进行测定。结果表明:(1)F1代优株叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别为0.821 5、0.324 7、0.151 7 mg·g-1,低于‘华硕’,显著高于攸县油茶;(2)F1代优株的光补偿点最低,仅为45.53μmol·m-2s-1,三者对光强适应范围由大到小依次为‘华硕’、F1代优株、攸县油茶,F1代优株表观量子效率最大,达到0.053μmol·s-1;(3)F1代优株与亲本的净光合速率均呈宽大的单峰型,不存在光合午休现象,同一时刻F1代优株的净光合速率均高于攸县油茶和‘华硕’。F1代优株对光的利用效率最高,表现出较高的光合效能,光合作用能力最强,说明F1代优株很可能是高产种质资源。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for breeding new varieties of Camellia oleifera, the photosynthetic indexes and chlorophyll content of C. yuhsienensis Hu, C. oleifera ＇Huashuo＇, and superior individuals in F1 hybrids were determined by using the LI-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System. The results showed that： （1） Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents of superior individuals in F1 hybrids were 0.821 5, 0.324 7 and 0.151 7 mg·g^- 1, lower than those of C. oleifera ＇Huashuo＇, and significantly higher than those of C. yuhsienensis Hu. （2） The light compensation point of superior individuals in F1 hybrids were the lowest, only 45.53 μmol·m^-2s^-1, and the order based on adaptation range of light intensity from big to small was C. oleifera ＇Huashuo＇, superior individuals in F1 hybrids, C. yuhsienensis Hu. Apparent quantum yield of superior individuals in F1 Hybrids was the largest, and reached 0.053 μmol·s^ - 1. （3） The diurnal change curves of net photosynthetic rates of all three cultivars showed wide single peak type, the midday depression phenomenon of photosynthesis did not occur, net photosynthetic rate of superior individuals in F~ hybrids was higher than C. yuhsienensis Hu and C. oleifera ＇Huashuo＇ at the same time. The light energy utilization efficiency of superior individuals in F1 hybrids was highest, it showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, photosynthetic ability was the strongest, and it was likely to be a good germplasm resource with high yield.