白居易与中国古代“自咏诗”

Bai Juyi and Chinese Ancient Self-chant Poem

魏晋南北朝咏怀诗和咏物诗的平行发展,到唐代达到高潮并形成汇流,于是开始产生一种新的、特殊题材类型——自咏诗:以"自咏"为题,或题目涵义等同于"自咏"的一类诗,其特点是以自身为观照对象,把自身当作一"物"来吟咏,且全诗句句不离自身这个主体。这种"自咏诗"实为咏怀诗与咏物诗交叉重叠的部分。最早大量创作"自咏诗"从而开辟"自咏诗"新宇宙的是白居易。强烈的自我意识、自恋情结和不朽愿望,是白居易大量创作自咏诗的主要动因。白氏"自咏诗"为后世仿效与继承,影响深远,它标志着自咏诗作为新的类型范式登上诗史舞台,开拓了古代诗歌的题材类型和风格类型,为知人论世提供了第一手史料文献。

Poem about chanting feelings and object- chanting poem developed in parallel in Southern and Northern Dynasties. However,they reached climax and formed into a new and special type of poem,self- chant poem,in Tang Dynasty. Self- chant poem takes self- chant as title,and it is a kind of poem with title implying self- chant. It has the feature of taking itself as observed object to chant. Each line of the poem is closely related with this subject. This self- chant poem is a crossing field of poem about chanting feelings and object- chanting poem. Bai Juyi is the first poet who created lots of self- chant poems. Strong self- awareness,narcissistic complex and immortal desire are Bai Juyi's main motivation for creating self- chant poems. His self- chant poem,which has a far-reaching influence,is imitated and inherited by later generations. Bai Juyi's self- chant poem marks a new type of poem coming on the epic stage. It opens up the subject and style of ancient poem and provides first- hand historical documents for people to comment the man and the world.