我国科学教科书之近代递嬗:自主编纂时期

The Modern Development of Science Textbooks of China: The Independent Compiled Period

近代科学和科学教育源于西方,我国近代科学和科学教育是西学东渐的结果,科学教科书也是从译介西书肇始的。随着社会的发展,教育的变革,尤其是学制的改革,教科书也必须随之变化。西方的教科书终究与中国文化是异源的产物,由此,中国学者自主编纂教科书也就应运而生了。随着科学教育思潮的兴起,对科学需求的急切,科学知识越来越成为各级各类学校教学内容的主流,又由于留学生的学成归国,民间出版机构的迅速发展,自编科学教科书的条件日渐成熟。经过晚清到民初黄金30年的发展,我国教育近代化的转型基本完成,科学教科书在此期间也实现了定型。

Modern science and scientific education in China originated from the West, which resulted from eastward spread of Western Culture. Therefore, the science textbook started at the review of West- ern textbooks. With the development of society, educational reform, especially the school system, textbook should change correspondingly. As the Western textbooks and the Chinese culture not the same cradle, the Chinese scholars compiled textbooks independently. By the rise of scientific educa- tional thought and the urgent requirement of science, scientific knowledge became the main teaching content in all types of school. Moreover, the dispatch of Chinese overseas students and the publications of folk created conditions for compiled textbooks independently. In thirty years development which from the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the transformation of educational modernization in China had completed basically, and the science textbooks had finalized.