大化船闸渡槽水力特性及水流条件改善措施

Analysis of hydraulic characteristics for Dahua shiplock aqueduct and its flow condition improvement measures

通航水流条件是船闸中间渠道设计中需考虑的最为关键的技术问题。大化船闸渡槽为原升船机方案的中间通航渠道,与一般的船闸中间渠道相比具有其特殊性,且该船闸水头高达29.0 m,使得其渡槽内水力特性更为复杂,水流流态较为恶劣,严重影响了过闸船舶安全及船闸通过能力。首先结合明槽水力学经典理论对大化船闸渡槽基本水力特性进行理论分析,剖析了渡槽水流条件主要影响因素,在此基础上结合物理模型试验及原型观测,提出了以优化船闸输水方式这一"软措施"为主,在渡槽斜坡段末端设置挡水墙这一"硬措施"为辅的渡槽水流条件综合改善措施,较好地解决了复杂的水力学问题,并得到了工程实践检验。

Navigation flow condition is one of the most important problems which should be considered in designing the shiplock intermediate channel. As the Dahua shiplock aqueduct is the intermediate channel of the former designed ship lift, it is different from the normal shiplock intermediate channel. Besides, the working head of the Dahua shiplock reaches 29.0 m, which makes the aqueduct hydraulic characteristics and flow regime become more complicated and severe, which can produce a serious influence on the ship safety and shiplock efficiency. Based on the classical theory of the open channel hydraulics, the basic hydraulic characteristics and the main factors affecting the flow conditions in the aqueduct are analyzed, and the comprehensive measures are adopted to improve the flow regime, including ＂soft measure＂ as the main and ＂hard measure＂ as the supplementary via model experiments and prototype observation. The ＂soft measure＂ means optimizing the valve schedule and the ＂hard measure＂ means setting up a wall at the end of the sloping section of the aqueduct. The measures have perfectly solved the complicated hydraulic problems and their validity has been testified by engineering practice.