中枢神经系统内的胰岛素及其受体

Insulin and insulin receptor in central nervous system

众所周知,胰岛素是一个小分子的蛋白质类激素,其主要作用是维持外周的血糖平衡,而对于中枢神经系统内胰岛素的研究则相对较少。大脑中非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖的摄取,是大家认为脑是胰岛素不敏感器官的主要原因。然而,最近的研究结果显示,大脑的提取物中有高浓度的胰岛素;外周分泌的胰岛素,可以经过特异的转运系统穿过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统。与大脑中胰岛素的来源、定位和功能的研究相比,中枢神经系统中胰岛素受体的表达也得到了相当高的关注。将从中枢神经系统尤其是脑内的胰岛素及其受体,中枢神经系统内胰岛素的功能,包括繁殖、食物摄入与体重控制、糖代谢调节和记忆等方面进行简要的综述。

As everyone knows, Insulin is a kind of protein hormone with small molecule amounts, the main effect of insulin is to maintain peripheral glucose homeostasis, and the study of insulin in the central nervous system is relatively less. Due to insulin independent glucose uptake in the brain, it has been considered that the brain is the main cause of insulin insensitivity organ. However, The results of recent study show that there is a high concentrations of insulin in brain extracts. The insulin secreted from peripheral can enter the central nervous system by specific transport systems through the blood brain barrier. The expression of insulin receptor in the central nervous system have drawing more attention than its source localization and function. In this review, insulin and insulin receptor in the central nervous system especially in the brain and its functions including in reproduction, food intake, weight control, regulation of glucose metabolism, memory and so on are briefly overviewed.