老年患者压疮风险现状调查与影响因素分析

The status and influencing factors of pressure ulcer risk in elderly patients

目的:了解老年住院患者压疮风险现状及其相关影响因素。方法 :采用便利抽样方法,采用Braden量表、微型营养评价精法(MNA-SF)、尿失禁简表(ICIQ-SF)、面部表情疼痛量表(FPS-R)对267名老年患者进行问卷调查,通过秩和检验、Spearman相关分析和多元回归分析了解住院老年患者压疮风险现状与影响因素。结果:有压疮风险者58例(21.7%),轻度风险42例(15.7%),中度危险7例(2.6%),重度危险9例(3.4%);营养不良177例(66.3%);轻度尿失禁242例(90.6%),中度尿失禁19例(7.1%),重度尿失禁6例(2.3%);过去四周,有疼痛患者107例(40.1%)。单因素分析的结果显示压疮风险与性别、居住情况、文化程度、收入相关,多元回归分析的结果显示年龄、收入、营养不良、尿失禁、疼痛是压疮风险的独立影响因素。结论:高龄、低收入、营养不良、尿失禁、疼痛是压疮的危险因素,应给予积极的干预,可有效降低压疮的发生率,提高老年人的生活质量。

Objective：To explore the pressure ulcer risk status and its related factors in elderly patients. Methods：A total of 267 elderly patients were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with the Braden Scale, short-form mini-nutrition assessment （MNA-SF）, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form （ICIQ-SF）, and Faces Pain Scale Revised （FPS-R）. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman correlation and multivariate regression were used to identify related factors of the risk of pressure ulcer. Results：There were 58 （21.7%） cases having pressure ulcer risk, 42 （15.7%） with low risk, 7 （2.6%） with moderate risk, and 9 （3.4%） with high risk, respectively. There were 177（66.3%） patients with malnutrition, 242（90.6%） having mild urinary incontinence, 19（7.1%） with moderate and 6（2.3%） with severe urinary incontinence. In the past 4 weeks, 107（40.1%） patients lived with pain. Univariate analysis showed that the risk of pressure ulcer was signiifcantly associated with gender, living conditions, education level and income. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, income, malnutrition, urinary incontinence and pain were independent inlfuencing factors of pressure ulcer risk in elderly patients. Conclusion：Active interventions should be implemented to reduce the pressure ulcer risk and improve the life quality in the elderly.