精神科护士感知自身遭受攻击状况与对患者身体约束态度的相关性研究

Correlation between physical restraint attitude and patients' aggression perceived by psychiatric nurses

目的:调查精神科护士感知自身遭受攻击状况、对患者身体约束态度及其相关性。方法:采用攻击行为发生情况感知量表、对患者身体约束态度问卷对深圳市康宁医院封闭病区110名护士进行调查。结果:护士感知攻击行为发生频率为(33.70±7.51),语言攻击及轻微身体攻击等发生频率高;对患者身体约束态度得分为(38.14±4.60),其中身体约束法律和伦理、对患者身体约束感受和身体约束行为倾向得分分别为(11.75±2.20)、(13.59±2.10)、(13.90±3.02);对患者身体约束感受、身体约束行为倾向和对患者身体约束态度总分与自身感知到的攻击行为呈正相关(r=0.24、0.31、0.20,P=0.036、0.014、0.047)。结论:精神科护士经常遭受轻微攻击,对身体约束的使用呈中性态度,自身感知到的攻击与对患者身体约束态度呈正相关,提示应关注护士的身心健康并对护士进行相应培训,改变护士约束态度,协助护士及早识别攻击行为,及时采取替代性措施,以降低身体约束的使用率。

Objective： To investigate the status and the correlations between physical restraint attitude and patients＇ aggressive behaviors perceived by psychiatric nurses. Methods： A total of 110 nurses from a psychiatric hospital in Shenzhen were investigated with the Perception of the Prevalence of Aggression Scale（POPAS） and Attitudes toward the Use of Restraints Scale（AURS）. Results： The mean score of POPAS was 33.70±7.51, language aggression and mild physical violence were perceived most frequently by the nurses. The mean scores of AURS and all dimensions, named the legal and ethical issue, the feeling, the behavioral intentions about physical restraint, were 38.14±4.60,11.75±2.20,13.59±2.10,13.90±3.20,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that AURS score and the two dimensions, the feeling and the behavioral intentions about physical restraint were positively correlated with POPAS（r=0.24, 0.31, 0.20, P=0.036, 0.014, 0.047）. Conclusion： Psychiatric nurses frequently suffered mild violence. Their attitudes towards restraints were neutral. There were positive correlations between nurses＇ physical restraint attitudes and their perceived patients＇ aggressive behaviors. Nurse Managers should pay attention to nurses＇ physical and mental health, and provide training program to change nurses＇ attitudes about physical restraint, help them identify patients＇ aggression effectively, and take alternative interventions immediately to reduce the use of physical restraint.