史前银川“萨满”:经平凉到关中——关中黄帝族来源探研

Prehistorical Shaman in Yinchuan:From Pingliang to Guanzhong——Exploration on Origin of Huangdi Tribe in Guanzhong

《史记·五帝本纪》说黄帝曾"西至于崆峒",司马迁也亲至崆峒山调查。此崆峒山即在今甘肃平凉西,该地出土了一些黄帝时期遗址遗物。西安近年发掘出的杨官寨遗址即"黄帝都邑",可以设想黄帝族曾在崆峒山至西安一带即关中发展。但他们源于何处?宋耀良先生发现,中国远古神格人面岩画所代表的文化曾沿东南海边向北传播至宁夏银川一带后,发生分裂,其向南的一支最具生气但在贺兰口突然消失。有考古学和神话学证据显示,这一支可能从贺兰口沿清水河溯流而上,抵达今平凉崆峒山,并从崆峒山沿泾河河谷进入关中,在西安建成了"都邑",形成最早的黄帝族。

It is said that emperor Huang went to Kongtong Mountain in the record of Shiji. Wudibenji and Si Maqian made an investigation here personally. Kongtong Moutain is situated in the west of Pingliang in Gansu, where relics and sites in the period of Huangdi were excavated. In recent years, the site of Yangguan village was excavated in Xi^an, which was called ＂state of emperor Huang＂. It is supposed that Huangdi tribe had developed in Guanzhong which is from Kongtong Mountain to Xi＇an. What about their origin？ It is discovered by Mr. Song Yaoliang that the representative culture of Godlike human face pictures on the rock was transmitted from south-east coast to the north , Yinchuan in Ningxia and then diverged. One branch towards south was the most flourishing tribe but disappeared suddenly in the mouth of Helan Mountain. The evidence of archaeology and mythology shows that this branch /night go along with the river of Qing Shui from the mouth of Helan mountain and then arrived at Pingliang Mountain, thereafter stayed in Guanzhong area from Kongtong Mountain along Jinghe valley. They built the state in Xi＇an and formed the earliest Huangdi tribe.