新疆白刺属植物空间分布及其生物学特性分析

Spatial Distribution of Nitraria in Xinjiang and its Biological Characteristics

根据实地考察和相关参考资料,运用历史文献和统计分析方法,对新疆白刺属植物的空间分布、生物学特性及生态效益进行了研究分析。结果显示：（1）白刺属植物全世界有12种,中国有8种,其中新疆有6种,分别为泡果白刺、大果白刺、白刺、帕米尔白刺、西伯利亚白刺、唐古特白刺,主要分布于塔里木盆地西部,准噶尔盆地和吐鲁番盆地的山前洪冲积扇的扇缘带,湖盆边缘及荒漠河流沿岸阶地;（2）新疆白刺属植物灌木或小灌木,高0.5-2m,树皮灰白色,枝端成刺状;托叶细小,单叶互生,肉质,全缘,长10-25mm,宽2-5mm;花小,两性花,雌雄同株,顶生聚伞花序,白色或淡黄色;花数5,雄蕊10-15,子房上位;浆果状核果,种子1粒;（3）白刺植物分枝多,枝茎机械组织和根系发达,被沙土埋覆后能产生大量不定根,从而形成白刺沙堆,可拦截流沙,降低地下水位及土壤盐分含量,改善立地土壤的理化性状;白刺属植物是在塔里木和准噶尔盆地严酷的自然生态条件下生态造林理想的灌木种之一。

According to fieldwork and related references, this paper conducted an in-depth analysis on classification of genus Nitraria plants, biological characteristics, distribution patterns and its ecological benefits using historical documents and statistical analysis. Results show that： （1）Genus Nitraria plants have 12 species in the world, Chinese has 8 and Xinjiang has 6, which are Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Nitraria roborowskii, Nitraria schoberi, Nitraria pamirica, Nitraria sibirica, Nitraria tangutorum, mainly distributed in the Western Tarim Basin, piedmont diluvial al- luvial fans in Junggar basin, fan belt of Turpan basin and lake basin and along the edge of the river terraces in desert ; （3） Genus Nitraria shrubs in Xinjiang have following characteristics, 0.5 - 2m tall, bark hoar and spiny branch ends; they have small stipules , alternate leaves , fleshy and entiremargin , 10 - 25mm long and 2 - 5mm wide; small and bisexual flowers, monoecious, terminal cymes, white or pale yellow flowers ; number of flowers is 5, stamens 10 - 15, ovary superior; berrylike drupe and 1 seeds; （3）Genus Nitraria plants havemany branches, mechanical tissue of stems and roots are developed , can produce a large number of adventitious roots after buried by sand, thus the formation of Nitraria sand can intercept the quicksand, reduce the content of salt water and soil, improve soil physical and chemical results ; under the harsh natural ecological conditions of Tarim and Junggar basin, genus Nitraria plants are one of the ideal ecological afforestation species.