辽阳市某燃煤发电厂职业病危害因素识别与关键控制点分析

Identification of occupational hazards and analysis of critical control points in a coal-fired power plant in Liaoyang City

目的识别某燃煤发电厂的职业病危害因素,分析职业病危害因素关键控制点。方法采用工程分析、职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测等方法进行评价。结果煤尘超标的岗位集中在输煤系统,各岗位的时间加权平均(TWA)浓度超标率为44%,超限倍数的超标率为66%;矽尘超标的岗位集中在锅炉、除灰渣系统,其超限倍数的超标率均为100%;噪声超标的岗位集中在输煤、锅炉、汽机、脱硫系统,其8 h等效声级的超标率分别为37%、100%、100%、100%。结论燃煤发电厂存在的主要职业病危害因素为煤尘、矽尘、噪声,煤尘的关键控制点为翻车机、输煤皮带、破碎机、犁煤机等,矽尘关键控制点为锅炉炉前、除尘器室、渣仓等,噪声的关键控制点为输煤皮带、破碎机、汽机区、锅炉区、增压风机、氧化风机等。从这些关键控制点着手,可将职业病危害因素的浓度(强度)控制在国家卫生标准限值以下。

[ Objective ] To identify the occupational hazard factors of a coal-fired power plant, analyze the critical control points of occupational hazards. [ Methods ] The evaluation was performed by using the methods of engineering analysis, occupational health investigation and occupational health test. [Results] The posts that the coal dust concentration exceeded the standard concentrated in coal handling system, and the over standard rate of concentration-time weighted average （TWA） of related posts was 44%, while the over standard rate of excursion limits was 66%. The posts that the silica dust concentration exceeded the standard concentrated in boiler furnace and dust chamber system, and both over standard rates of excursion limits were 100%. The posts that the noise intensity exceeded the standard concentrated in coal handling system, boiler furnace, turbine, and desulfurization system, and the over standard rate of 8-hour continuous equivalent sound level was 37%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. [Conclusion] The critical control points for coal dust include car dumper, coal conveyor belt, crusher and coal plough. The main occupational hazards of coal-fired power plant are coal dust, silica dust and noise. The critical control points for silica dust include boiler furnace, dust chamber and slag warehouse. The critical control points for noise include coal conveyor belt, crusher, turbine area, boiler furnace area, booster fan and oxidation fan. Based on these critical control points, it is feasible to control the concentration （intensity） of occupational hazards to meet the national health standard limits.