上海市宝山区居家养老现状与需求分析

Analysis on status and demand of home-based elderly care in Baoshan District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市宝山区老年人慢性病患病和养老现状及社区居家养老服务需求，为政府部门制定相关政策提供依据。方法采用自行设计的调查表，对上海市宝山区625名老年人进行问卷调查，分析老年人目前的养老现状与需求。结果老年人慢性病患病率为69．3％，居前5位的分别为高血压、关节炎、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、冠心病，分别为17．0％、18．6％、20．2％、50．4％和14．4％。目前的养老方式以自我供养为主，占71．2％；喜欢家庭养老方式的占42．1％；二者差异有统计学意义（χ^2=14．76，P〈0．05）。不同年龄组老人对社区提供养老服务需要不同，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6．07，P〈0．05）。在需求社区提供的养老服务项目方面，需家庭医生上门服务的占73．8％，居家整洁的占72．5％，健康讲座的占44．1％。了解居家养老补贴的占32．5％，但成功申请的仅占2．6％。结论宝山区老年人慢性病患病率高；养老方式以自我供养为主，喜欢社区居家养老方式，需要社区提供养老服务的需求在增高。提示政府应加大宣传力度，改变人们传统的家庭养老观念；拓展服务模式，增加慢性病干预措施。

[Objective] To learn the prevalence rate of chronic disease inelderly people in Baoshan District of Shanghai, understand the status of elderly care and the demands of community home-based elderly care, and provide the basis for government departments to formulate the relevant policies.[Methods] Using a self-designed questionnaire, 625 elderly people in Baoshan District of Shanghai were investigated to analyze the status and demand of home-based elderly care. [Results] The prevalence rate of chronic disease in elderly people was 69.3%, and the top five chronic diseases were hypertension, arthritis, chronic bronchitis, diabetes and coronary heart disease, which the prevalence rate was respectively 17.0%, 18.6%, 20.2%, 50.4% and 14.4%. The main way of old-age care was self support, accounting 71.2%, 42.1% of respondents were more likely to receive the home-based elderly care, and the difference was statistically significant （χ^2=14.765, P〈0.01）. There was significant difference in the demands of community elderly care services between different age groups, and the difference was statistically significant （χ^2=6.07, P〈0.05）. The main demands of community elderly care services included door-to-door doctor service （73.8%）, home cleaning （72.5%） and health lecture （44.1%）.32.5% of respondents have known the home-based elderly care subsidies, but only 2.6% have successfully applied. [Conclusion] The prevalence rate of chronic disease is higher in elderly people of Baoshan District. The main way of old-age care was serf support, most of elderly people are more likely to receive the home-based elderly care, and the demands of community elderly care services are increasing. It is suggested that the government should improve the publicity efforts to change the traditional concept of home-based elderly care, and expand service model to increase the chronic disease interventions.