2004—2013年河北省麻疹流行性腮腺炎和风疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles,mumps and rubella in Hebei Province from 2004-2013

目的通过分析河北省2004--2013年麻疹、流行性腮腺炎（腮腺炎）和风疹流行病学特征，为制定联合管理和控制3种疾病的策略与措施提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对国家传染病报告信息管理系统报告的河北省2004--2013年麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫情进行分析。结果麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的10年平均发病率分别为5．67／10万、17．85／10万和3．29／10万，麻疹和腮腺炎发病率曲线呈现并行趋势。麻疹和风疹的季节分布均为单峰曲线，高峰跨度主要在3-6月间；腮腺炎显示为双峰曲线，且跨年度出现，分别为4--7月和11月至来年1月。麻疹有52．26％的病例集中在3个市，而腮腺炎和风疹分别有52．36％和51．86％的病例集中在4个市；3种疾病病例均主要发生在小于15岁儿童，10年平均占比分别为71．38％、82．15％和70．95％。其中，麻疹的0-2岁年龄段病例更集中，平均占总病例数的49．85％；腮腺炎在4—9岁更集中，平均占比为47．7％。结论建议建立疾病的联合管理与控制机制；分析疾病之间的内在联系，找出最优控制方案；加强疫情监测，开展人群抗体水平监测，做好疫情预测，尽最大程度地将应急接种提前在疫情初期；提供学龄前儿童麻疹腮腺炎风疹联合疫苗的复种工作。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps and rubella in Hebei Province from 2004-2013, provide the basis for formulating the strategies and measures to collectively prevent and control these diseases. [Methods] The epidemic data of measles, mumps and rubella in Hebei Province from 2004-2013, which were reported by the National infectious disease report management information system, were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiologieal method. [Results] The average incidence rate of measles, mumps and rubella in 10 years was respectively 5.67/lakh, 17.85/lakh and 3.29/lakh, and the incidence curve of measles and mumps exhibited a parallel trend. The seasonal distribution of measles and rubella were basically consistent, and both appeared a single peak in the period from March to June. The mumps showed the double seasonal peaks, which appeared April to July and November to January of next year. 52.26% of measles cases concentrated in three cities, while 52.36% of mumps cases and 51.86% of rubella cases concentrated in four cities. The cases of these three diseases mainly occurred in children under 15 years old, and respectively accounted for 71.38%, 82.15% and 70.95% in 10 years. 49.85% of measles cases were children aged 0-2 years old, while 47.7% of mumps cases were children aged 4-9 years old. [ Conclusion] It is necessary to establish the disease joint management and control mechanism, analyze the internal relationship among the diseases to find optimal controlling scheme, strengthen the epidemic surveillance, carry out the monitoring on antibody level in the population, implement the epidemic prediction, to take the emergency vaccination at the beginning of the epidemic as far as possible, and provide the revaecination of MMR vaccine among pre-school children.