老年甲状腺结节的发病特点

Characteristics of thyroid nodules in elderly people

目的了解老年人甲状腺结节的检出情况及发病特点。方法对2013年4月-2014年5月在河北联合大学附属唐山工人医院体检中心进行健康检查的698例老年人甲状腺超声结果进行分析，并对各年龄组结节的发病率、大小、数目及性质进行比较。结果①老年人甲状腺结节发病率为70．9％，随年龄增长甲状腺结节发病率逐渐增加（χ^2=11．97，P〈0．01），其中女性结节发病率（77．3％）明显高于男性（64．0％），差异有统计学意义（χ^2=15．080，P〈0．01）。②检出甲状腺结节的老年人群中，小结节所占比例达72．3％，大结节占27．7％，随年龄增长，大结节所占比例逐渐增加（χ^2=4．840，P〈0．05）。不同性别间甲状腺大小构成比比较，差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．092，P〉0．05）。③检出甲状腺结节老年人群中，单发结节占26．7％，多发结节占73．3％，且多发结节比例随年龄增长逐渐增加（χ^2=9．297，P〈0．01）。不同性别间甲状腺数量构成比比较，差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．869，P〉0．05）。④根据甲状腺高分辨彩超声显示的结节内部回声特点，实性结节所占比例为79．8％，囊实性结节占18．4％，囊性结节占1．8％。结节性质在不同年龄组和不同性别之间比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论老年人甲状腺结节发病率较高，应重视甲状腺结节的早期诊治。

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid nodule in elderly people. [Methods] The thyroid ultrasound examination results of 698 elderly people who have received the Medical Examination Ccenter of Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University from April 2013 to May 2014 were analyzed. The incidence rate, size, number and nature of thyroid nodules were compared among different age groups. [ Results ] ①The incidence rate of thyroid nodules in elderly people was 70.9%, and the incidence rate increased with increasing of age （χ^2=11.97, P〈0.01）. The incidence rate in females （77.3%） was higher than that in males （64.0%）, and the difference was statistically significant （χ^2=15.080, P〈0.01）.②In elderly patients with thyroid nodule, the proportion of small nodule was 72.3%, while large nodule accounted for 27.7%, and the proportion of large nodule increased with increasing of age （χ^2=4.840, P〈0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in constituent ratio of small nodule and large nodule between males and females （χ^2=0.092, P〉0.05）. ③The proportion of solitary nodule and multiple nodules was 26.7% and 73.3% respectively, and the proportion of muhiple nodules increased with increasing of age （χ^2=9.297, P〈0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of thyroid nodules between males and females （χ^2=1.869, P〉0.05）.④ According to high resolution ultrasound examination, the proportion of solid nodules, cystic solid nodule and cystic nodules was respectively 79.8%, 18.4% and 1.8%. There were no statistically significant differences in the nature of thyroid nodules among age, sex groups （all P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] The incidence rate of thyroid nodules is high in elderly people, so it is important to pay attention to early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules.