陶澍与漕政改革

TAO Shu and the Grain-Related Affairs Reform

自隋炀帝开通运河之后,漕运成为历朝历代统治者所重视的一项内容。延续到了清代,更是被称为"三大政"之一。清中叶以后,清朝的封建统治日益腐败,世风日下,萎靡不振,漕政也是弊病丛生,已严重威胁到京师的粮食和财政供应。有着"干国良臣"美誉之称的陶澍,为了打通这条大动脉,维系清政府的正常运转,在"经世致用"思想的指导下,通过裁汰冗员,删除浮费;严禁包漕,严格制度;治理运河,疏通河道;另辟新径,漕粮海运等措施,对漕政进行了大刀阔斧的改革,并且取得了明显的成效,给后世留下了深远而广泛的影响。文章试以陶澍漕政改革为中心,做一些探讨。

Since Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty opened the Grand Canal ,the transport of grain by water has been con-sidered an important affair by the ruler .The transport of grain by water was also known as an of the Three Major Government Affairs in Qing Dynasty .In the late Qing Dynasty ,the ruling group began to become corrupt .And the grain-related affairs were also flawed ,which has threatened the food supplies and taxes .In order to dredge the Grand Canal and maintain con-trol ,TAO Shu ,a person with extraordinary abilities ,under the guidance of the Idea of Practical Utility ,began to sweep re-forms to the grain-related affairs by trimming their payrolls and funds ,tightening up the rules ,regulating rivers and dredg-ing the Grand Canal ,sea transportation .His efforts got positive results ,which left a profound influence to the later genera-tions .Taking the grain-related affairs reform as the center ,the paper try to make some research .