青岛市医务人员对流感及接种流感疫苗的态度与接种意愿研究

Study on the Attitude towards the Influenza and Flu Vaccine as well as the Vaccination Intent among Healthcare Workers in Qingdao City

目的:了解医务人员对季节性流感和流感疫苗的态度、接种意愿以及影响其接种意愿的主要因素,为制定有针对性的流感疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究设计,按照整群分层抽样方法对青岛市8家医疗机构共计1301名医务人员进行流感季前基线调查和季后随访调查;采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析对疫苗接种意愿的影响因素进行分析。结果:调查的医务人员该年流感疫苗接种率为4.8%,42.8%的医务人员认为流感疫苗安全,而45.1%的人员对接种疫苗持消极态度;接种组医务人员态度因素得分明显高于非接种组;季前接种意愿越强,接种可能性越大;接种意愿受态度因素影响,具有"认为自己易感、患病后担心、认为疫苗有保护作用、愿意接受疾控部门推荐、认为不接种疫苗易患流感或会后悔"等态度因素的医务人员接种意愿高。结论:接种意愿会直接影响实际接种行为,医务人员对疫苗的态度越积极,接种意愿越强烈;强制接种和免费接种策略可以有效提高接种意愿,进而提高疫苗接种率。应积极加强对医务人员关于疫苗安全与效果的宣传动员,并可考虑推行医务人员免费接种或强制接种政策,提高医务人员流感疫苗接种率,从而达到降低流感发病率的目的。

Objective：To understand the attitude of the Health Care Workers （ HCWs） on seasonal flu and flu vaccine and analyze the main factors influencing the vaccination intent among health personnel, and consequently help to formulate the targeted strategy for flu vaccination. Methods：8 medical and health institutions in Qingdao were selected for cluster sampling, using the method of purpose sampling. A prospective cohort study design was applied to conduct the baseline survey before flu season and the random follow-up survey after flu season on HCWs. The chi-square test and the Logistics,Regression Analysis are adopted to respectively analyze the influencing factors of the vaccination intentions. Re-sults：A total amount of 1301 healthcare personsentered the cohort study. The result showed that the influenza vaccination rate of the HCWs only was 4. 8%. Among the HCWs, 42. 8%believed that the influenza vaccine was safe and 45. 1% assumed a passive attitude towards the influenza vaccination. The score of the attitude factor of thevaccination group was significantly higher than that of the non-vaccination group and the differ-ence has statistical significance. The stronger the preseason vaccination intention was, the higher the possibility of inoculating vaccine was. The vaccination intent was subject to attitudinal factors, such as regarding themselves as liable to flu, being worried after sick, believing the vaccine has protective effect, willing to accept the recommendation of the department for disease control, thinking it is easy to catch flu without inoculating vaccine or regretting without vaccination. The vaccination intention of HCWs was higher with these attitudinal factors. Conclusion：The vaccina-tionintent will directly affect the actual vaccination behavior. The more positive the attitude on the flu vaccine the HCWs is, the stronger the will-ingness to vaccinate is. Mandatory vaccination policy and strategy of free vaccination can effectively improve the HCWs＇ preseason vaccination in-tention, which can increase the vaccination rate in turn. So it is necessary to actively propagandizethe safety of vaccine and effects among the HC-Ws. Mandatory vaccination policy and free vaccination strategy among the medical personnel should also be considered to increasetheir flu vacci-nation rate, which can achieve the goal of decreasing the incidence rate of influenza.