承前启后:锡良督川时期筹瞻川属考

Research on the Process of Recovering Zhandui (瞻对) during the Period of Xi Liang Governing Sichuan

1866年瞻对赏藏及其后收归川属是清末川边史上的重大事件。1896年,川督鹿传霖率先筹瞻川属,因清廷反对而功败垂成。随着英国在1903年第二次入侵西藏,清政府终于一改此前反对收瞻之旨,谕令川督锡良、驻藏大臣有泰及帮办大臣凤全筹瞻川属,此时锡良态度模棱两可,凤全力主之,有泰则坚决反对,长达半年之久的争论终致筹瞻无功。1905年初凤全被杀后锡良开始用兵巴塘,对此瞻对藏官则直接出兵干预,锡良意识到筹瞻川属势在必行,遂在巴塘战事结束后力主收瞻,但因他地乱事丛脞而未及实施。直到1906年6月清军攻克桑披寺川边战事暂告一段落后,锡良奏设川滇边务大臣,在川边改土归流大幕拉启的时代背景下,时任川督赵尔丰终在1911年将瞻对收归川属。从清末瞻对问题的连续性审视,锡良督川时期筹瞻川属虽未实现,但以锡良为首的地方官员关于筹瞻川属的谋划和举措以及锡良筹瞻态度的变化,彰显出筹瞻川属已是川边内外交困形势下的必然选择,同时客观上在鹿、赵之间构筑了联系的桥梁,具有承前启后的历史作用。

The Qing Government rewarded Zhandui to Tibet in 1866,thirty years later Sichuan Governor Lu Chuanlin began to recover Zhandui but failed. In 1903,the Qing Government changed previous idea and ordered Sichuan Governor Xi Liang,Tibet Amban You Tai( 有泰) and his Deputy Feng Quan( 凤全) to counsel recovering Zhan Dui,but they hold different opinions. In 1905,Tibetan officials began to interfere Chuanbian( 川边) affairs. Xi Liang advocated to recover Zhandui but was occupied by the continued military conflict,until 1906,he reported to set Border Chairman of Chuan and Dian. Finally,Zhao Erfeng recovered Zhandui in 1911.