旅游活动中的主客互动研究——自我与他者关系类型及其行为方式

A Study on the Interactions between Host and Guest in Tourist Activities

旅游促使游客与东道主两个群体相遇,在相遇中产生"客-我"分野与对视。在这样的分野与对视中,"自我与他者谁才是主体"的争议自然产生。对此争议所持的观念,促成了主客之间不同的行为方式,进而给主客文化带来不同的影响。本文在文献分析与现实观察的基础上,从"自我"与"他者"关系的视角出发,探讨旅游活动中的主客互动,归纳出旅游活动的3种主客互动类型,即"自我主体性"类型、"他者主体性"类型与"伦理他者"类型;并进一步结合旅游情境,分析持有不同类型观念的游客与东道主的行为方式与影响。本文认为,旅游发展应倡导"伦理他者"理念以利于主客互动关系处理,促进旅游可持续发展。

This article attempted to analyze the relationship between serf and the other which is one of the most important concept that guides the way people act. Based on literature analysis and practical observation, we attempted to sum up three main types relationship between self and the other, i. e. , self subjectivity, other subjectivity and ethical otherness. Combining with the behavioral characteristics of tourism, the authors used these three concepts to discuss the behavior style of tourists and hosts. It ends to advocate ethical otheruess type in order to facilitate the sustainable development of tourism.