新疆泥火山微生物群落

Microbial Community of Mud Volcanoes in Xinjiang Province

泥火山地质结构特殊,孕育着独特的微生物资源。该研究采用454高通量测序技术,分析了我国新疆独山子泥火山群和乌苏泥火山群的古菌和细菌群落组成。发现独山子和乌苏古菌群落主要由产甲烷古菌Methanosaeta(丰度分别为34.6%和49.4%),Methanolobus(27.8%和7.5%),Methanosarcina(4.9%和0.6%)和Halalkalicoccus(0.8%和11.7%)组成,表明在独山子和乌苏中存在产甲烷代谢途径,并主要通过乙酸和甲基营养类型产甲烷古菌来完成的;独山子和乌苏的细菌群落主要为Proteobacteria(丰度分别为40.1%和37.2%),Chloroflexi(15.7%和7.3%),Firmicutes(13.9%和22.1%),Actinobacteria(4.0%和7.0%)和Bacteroidetes(2.6%和5.2%),但两者在OTU水平差异显著:独山子中最优势的OTU 02(11.6%)属于unclassified Anaerolineaceae,OTU 05(8.0%)代表unclassified Bacteria;乌苏中最优势的OTU 01(11.3%)属于unclassifiedγ-Proteobacteria,OTU 03(7.1%)为Acidaminobacter,这表明两座泥火山都群蕴含着丰富的未培养微生物资源,可以为开发和利用极端环境微生物资源提供参考。

Mud volcanoes with typical structure and geomorphology characteristics always provide uncommon environmental conditions for unique microbial resources. In this study, the 454 high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was adopt- ed to analyze the bacterial and archaea community structures of Dushanzi mud volcano and Usu mud voleano in Xinjiang province. The arehaea community in Dushanzi volcano was mainly composed of Methanosaeta （34.6%）, Methanolobus （27.8%）, Methanosarcina （4.9%） and Halalkalicoccus （0.8%）, Similarly, the Usu volcano also harbored Methanosae- ta （ 49.4 % ）, Methanolobus （7.5 % ）, Methanosarclna （ O. 6% ） and Halalkalicoecus （ 11.7% ）, which indicated the vital role of acetlolastle and methylotrophie methanogcns in methane production metabolisms in these two mud volcanos. The ma- jor bacterial phylotypes in Dashanzl and Usu volcanos were Proteobacteria（40.1% and 37.2% ）, Chloroflexi（5.7% and 7.3% ）, Firmieutes（ 13.9% and 22.1% ）, Actinobaeteria（4.0% and 7.0% ） and Baeteroidetes（2.6% and 5.2% ）, re- spectively. However, their OTU level had significant difference. The most dominant OTUs （ OTU 02, 11.6% ） in Dushanzi. volcano represent unclassified Anaerolineaceae, and the second most OTUs （ OTU 05, 8.0% ） represent unclassified bacte- ria. In Uan volcano, the most dominant bacterial lineage associated with unclassified T-Proteobacteria （OTU 01, 11.3% ） and Aeidaminobacter（ OTU 03, 7.1% ）. These results provide olues that it is possible to isolate and utilize extremophilic microbial resources from the two mud volcanos.