高原-亚高原-平原过渡训练对世居高原中长跑运动员心肺功能影响的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Effect of Plateau to Sub-plateau to Plain Transition Training on Performance of Native Plateau Middle and Long Distance Runners' Cardiopulmonary Function

目的:初步探讨"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练对世居高原的中长跑运动员心肺功能的影响。方法:通过对18名甘孜州世代居住在海拔2 500m以上的中长跑运动员在高原训练后进行"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练,训练结束后分别在高原、亚高原、平原分别采集其与心肺功能相关的生理生化指标,对高原-亚高-平原过渡训练对世居高原的中长跑运动员心肺功能的影响进行初步研究。结果:经分析发现训练结束后测得从康定到泸定再到都江堰的最大摄氧量、血乳酸、血氧饱和度、尿蛋白均呈递增趋势,心率呈递减趋势,且除尿蛋白外各项指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:高原-亚高原-平原过渡训练有利于提高世居高原中长跑运动员的心肺功能的适应能力。提示:高原-亚高原-平原过渡训练心肺功能的变化有利于运动员更快更好的适应从高原到平原的海拔落差,对运动员训练时运动强度的提升和成绩的提高提供运动生理学依据。

Objective To make a preliminary study on effect of plateau to sub-plateau to plain transition training on performance of native plateau middle and long distance runners＇ cardiopulmonary function.Methods 18 middle and long distance runners who generations living at altitude above 2500 meters in Ganzi were trained by plateau to sub-plateau to plain transition training afer they trained several months on plateau,and collect cardiopulmonary function-related physiological and biochemical indexes after transition training at plateau, sub-plateau and plain. To study the effect of plateau to sub-plateau to plain transition training on performance of native plateau athletes＇ cardiopulmonary function preliminarily.Results The analysis after training found that VO2max, blood lactate, oxygen saturation and urinary protein showed an increasing trend and heart rate showed a decreasing trend from Kangding to Dujiangyan.And all indexes except urinary protein were significant differences （P 〈0.05 ） .Conclusion plateau to sub-plateau to plain transition training can improve the native plateau middle and long distance runners＇ cardiopulmonary function＇s ability to adapt.And it is suggested that the changes of cardiopulmonary function after plateau to sub-plateau to plain transition training are good for athletes to adapt the elevation drop from plateau to plain faster and better.And providing basis exercise physiology basis for increasing exercise intensity and improving athletic performance when athletes train.