水的表面张力系数与温度的关系的对比研究

A comparative study on the equations between the surface tension coefficient of water and the temperature

温度是影响液体表面张力系数的主要因素之一.为便于测试对比和工程应用,该文对9个关系式的计算值αi(i=1,2,…,9)与公认值α0的偏差和百分误差进行了对比研究.结果显示,α1,α2,α3与α0间的偏差和百分误差最大,不宜用于水的表面张力系数的计算.0~30℃之间,α4,α9与α0的偏差和百分误差较小,分别在[0.00,0.13]m N/m,[-0.18,-0.13]m N/m和0.00%~0.17%、-0.25%^-0.17%之间;0~100℃之间,α5,α6与α0的偏差和百分误差非常小,分别在[-0.017,0.083]m N/m,[0.041,0.176]m N/m和-0.03%~0.13%,0.06%~0.23%之间.进一步研究发现,0~100℃之间,新的组合关系式α10=(α4+α9)/2的计算值与公认值的偏差和百分误差最小,分别在[-0.099,-0.015]m N/m和-0.12%^-0.02%之间,此式亦为水的表面张力系数计算的最佳关系式.

Temperature is one of the main factors affecting the liquid surface tension Coefficient. For conven- ient test comparisons and engineering applications, the deviation and the percentage error between the calcu- lated values of nine equations αi （i = 1,2,..., 9） and the recognized value ao were discussed. The results show that the deviation and the percentage error between α1 , α2, α3 and α0 are greatly large, and the equa- tions α1, α2 and α3 are not suitable to be used for calculating the surface tension coefficient of water. For 0 - 30℃, the deviation and the percentage error between α4, α9 and α0 are relatively small, and they are re- spectivelyin [0.00, 0.13]mN/m, [ -0.18, -0.13]mN/m, 0.00% - 0.17% and -0.25% - - 0. 17%. For 0 - 100℃, the deviation and the percentage error between α5, α6 and α0 are greatly small, and they are respectively in [ -0. 017, 0. 083mN/m, [0. 041,0. 176]mN/m, -0. 03% - 0. 13% and 0. 06% - 0. 23%. Further studies found that the deviation and the percentage error between a new compos- ite equation α10 = （α4 ＋ α9 ）/2 and α0 are greatly small for 0 - 100℃ and they are respectively in [ - 0. 099, - 0. 015 ] mN/m and - 0. 12% - - 0. 02%. Accordingly, the new equation α0 is the optimal equation for calculating the surface tension coefficient of water.