论《世说新语》中的应对机智

On the Witty Responses in Shi Shuo Xin Yu

在《世说新语》的言语应对中,几乎处处都可以感觉到汉末魏晋人的机智。这些应对机智一般都引典故作为事实基础;以儒家、道家和佛家的思想以及人们对自然现象的经验认识为公理基础;以应对者的锐利眼光、博学深思、反应迅捷作为主体基础。在这些基础之上形成的《世说新语》中的应对机智,具体表现为左右逢源、借力打力、巧破对手、避而不答等不同种类,它们都是汉末魏晋人在矛盾激化、险象环生的背景下,所做出的智者的应对。

People can feal the wits of Weijin people at the end of Han Dynasty ,in the verbal responses in Shi Shuo Xin Yu .These witty responses generally have allusions as the factual bases ,have the thoughts of confucianism ,Daoism and Buddhism as well as peo-ple’s experience and knowledge about nature as the truth basis ,and have the responders’ sharp foresights ,learned speculation ,and quick reaction as the main basis .On the base of the above ,the witty responses in Shi Shuo Xin Yu came into being ,and express themselves in different ways ,such as winning advantages from both sides ,leveraging the power of others ,defeating the rival skillful-ly and evading a question ,all of which are the witty responses of Weijin people at the end of Han Dynasty when in intensified con-flicts or in incessant crises .