试论海洋环境污染损害赔偿制度的完善

On the Improvement of the Compensation System for Pollution Damages to the Maritime Environment——A Case Study of the South China Sea

海洋生态环境的恶化以及海洋污染事故的频发使得国家在处理海洋污染事故以及污染损害索赔等方面面临重大考验。我国海洋环境污染损害赔偿制度在近几年重大海洋污染事故处理的过程中所暴露的问题日益增多,亟需在立法与司法两方面通过提高损害责任惩罚额度、扩大污染损害赔偿范围、细化污染损害赔偿标准、完善海洋环境污染公益诉讼机制、建立国内油污损害赔偿基金制度、健全海洋污染损害强制保险制度等措施,来完善我国海洋环境污染损害赔偿制度。

With the deterioration of the marine ecology environment and the frequent occurrence of marine pollution incidents, our country is faced with serious ordeals in handling marine pollution incidents and their compensation claims. Given the continuous increase of problems concerning the compensation system for maritime environ- mental pollution damages in handling grave marine pollution accidents in recent years, efforts must be made in legislation and judicature to improve the compensation system for pollution damages to the marine environment by adopting such measures as increasing the amount of penalty for damage liability, expanding the scope of pollution damage compensation, elaborating the poUution damage lic interest litigation for marine environmental pollution, compensation standards, improving the mechanism of pub- establishing the system of the domestic oil pollution damage compensation fund, and perfecting the compulsory insurance system for marine pollution damages, etc.