2012-2014年惠州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染状况调查

Survey on the contamination of foodborne pathogens in commercial food products in Huizhou City in 2012-2014

目的了解本地区市售食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况。方法采用随机抽样方法,分别对惠州市的部分超市、市场、商店、专卖店及餐饮服务场所的11类食品共637份进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、阪崎肠杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌的检测。并将分离到的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行肠毒素检测和药敏试验。结果 637件样品中检出致病菌60株,总检出率为9.41%。其中检出率最高的是蜡样芽胞杆菌,检出率17.05%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门菌检出率5.42%、1.37%、0.92%和0.20%,未检出致泻性大肠埃希菌和副溶血性弧菌,各致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=127.0999,P=0.000)。各类食品中以餐饮食品、豆制品和婴幼儿食品食源性致病菌检出率较高,分别为29.41%、21.88%和17.81%,以金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染为主。有23株金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素,阳性率为69.70%,并同时对青霉素、苯唑西林、庆大霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、克林霉素、四环素、复方新诺明存在不同程度的耐药。结论惠州市部分市售食品存在食源性致病菌污染的状况,主要以金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染为主,沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、阪崎肠杆菌也有不同程度的污染。

Objective To investigate the food contamination caused by foodborue pathogens in commercial food products in Huzhou City. Methods Totally, 637 food samples of eleven representative categories were collected by random sampling from supermarkets, markets, stores, exclusive agencies and catering service places. Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio para- haerrual yticus , Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were detected. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus was subject to entertoxin detection and drug resistance test. Results Totally 60 strains of foodborne pathogens were detected in the 637 samples, with the positive rate of 9.41%. The contamination rate by Bacillus cereus was the highest （ 17.05 % ）, and the detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Listeria rnonocyto- genes and Salmonella were 5.42%, 1.37%, 0.92% and 0.20% respectively. No enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of different foodborne pathogens （2 = 127. 0999, P = 0. 000）. The detection rates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in restaurant food, bean products and baby food were higher （29.41%, 21.88% and 17.81% ）, and they were mainly contaminated by staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. 23 enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were detected, with the positive rate of 69.70%, which showed different degrees of drug resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions There exists foodborne pathogen contamination in commercial food in Huizhou City. The contamination is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus ; moreover, the food also has different degrees of contamination by Salmonella, Listeria rnonocytogenes and Enterobacter sakazakii.