弑君者麦克白的病态人格

On Morbid Personality of Macbeth, the King Killer

如果评价、分析莎士比亚笔下的麦克白弑君篡位动机及行为,一般总在个人野心、他人挑唆、权力腐蚀等层面考虑问题。这种分析尽管有故事文本提供的行为依据,但这仅仅是依据显性的文本内容,却忽略了隐性的暗示,由此导致文本的丰富性与多样性完全丧失。戏剧体裁形式丰富的隐性要素,使我们可以探讨多种深层原因。而借助社会心理学等理论,就会发现麦克白的病态人格,才是弑君篡位的根本因素。放大的挫败感,妄想型的迫害症,身份、角色转换时的心灵分裂,面对困境时的认知失调与"外化"企图以及消灭一切质疑、复仇的野心,成为麦克白弑君篡位的内在动机,也成为麦克白具有病态人格特征的具体表现。

The motive of Macbeth in Shakespeare＇s work is generally attributed to personal ambition, instigation and corruption of power, which is based on the work itself by neglecting hidden clues, resulting in the total loss of richness and variety of text in the work. It is clear that the rich forms of drama enable us to explore more deep-level causes by analyzing the hidden clues in a drama as well as the theories on social psychology. Thus, it is found that the fundamental cause for Macbeth to come to the throne by killing the king lies in his morbid personality：enlarged feeling of being defeated, paranoid persecution mania, split mind in the change of identity and role, cognitive dissonance in crisis, “exteriorized” attempt, suspicion, and ambitious vengeance.