杀菌剂对花生发芽期低温冷害的防控效果

Control and Prevention of Fungicides on the Chilling Injury during Peanuts Seeds Germination

低温常造成南方春花生烂种缺苗而减产，大籽花生减产尤为严重。为研究低温对花生种子的伤害，利用人工气候箱模拟低温环境，选用甲基硫菌灵、福美双、恶霉灵3种杀菌剂对花生种子进行拌种，分析杀菌剂对花生种子低温冷害的防控效果。结果表明：10℃低温对花生种子发芽造成严重影响，杀菌剂拌种后发芽率无明显改善。15℃低温下，杀菌剂拌种处理显著提高了花生发芽率，以恶霉灵拌种效果最好，发芽率提高41％～48．7％，至20℃以恶霉灵拌种效果更好。杀菌剂处理的花生种子的SOD活性高于对照；15℃低温处理，均以甲基硫菌灵拌种的CAT活性最高。甲基硫菌灵拌种处理，小籽花生MDA含量降低。说明杀菌剂拌种能增强低温冷害条件下花生种子的抗逆性，从而提高发芽率。

The low temperature often caused the rotten seed, seedling shortage and reduction in production of spring pea- nut. Using artificial climate chamber simulating low temperature environment, we chose three different types of fungicides （methyl thiophanate, thiram, hymexazol） on peanut seed dressing to analyze the control and prevention of fungicides on peanuts chilling injmT. The results showed that： （1）low temperature at 10℃ had serious influence on seed germination rate, fungicides had no obvious effect, （2） low temperature at 15℃ , fungicides significantly increased the peanuts germi- nation percentage, the effect of hymexazol was the best with the germination rate increased by 41% -48.7% , （3） low temperature at 20℃ , seed dressing with hymexazol had better effect. The SOD higher than that of control. The CAT activity of each particle type peanut seeds the highest under 15℃ low temperature treatment. MDA content of small see methyl seed dressing. Fungicide seed dressing enhanced chilling resistance of crease the germination. activity of each fungicide was significantly with thiophanate methyl seed dressing was d decreased significantly with thiophanate peanut seeds under the condition and in-