社会经济地位的代际传递效应与不平等再生产——基于CGSS2011的数据分析

Socio-economic status, intergenerational transmission effect and inequality reproduction: based on data from CGSS2011

依据CGSS2011调查数据,采用多元线性回归模型,考察父辈社会经济地位对个人社会经济地位的影响,分析当今中国社会中的社会经济地位的代际传递效应及其再生产,研究发现:性别、户籍和教育程度是影响个人社会经济地位的重要因素。我国公民的社会经济地位存在代际传递现象,父辈的社会经济地位可以通过家庭背景等因素来影响个人人力资本的获取,进而影响个人的社会经济地位。尤其是拥有党员父亲和高教育程度的父亲可以显著提高个人的社会经济地位。代际传递效应代表着一种深刻的社会不平等,要削弱代际传递效应对个人的影响、营造一个更公平的社会,需要改变不合理的制度安排。

China is now at a transitional stage. Obtaining a social-economic status is not only a personal effort, but also the result of the family intergenerational transformation. On the basis of analysis of the data from CGSS2011 with the model of multiple regression, the present essay explores the influence of parents’ social-economic status on the personal social-economic status as well as the effect of social-economic status transformation and its reproduction in nowaday China. The findings show that gender, household registration and education are important factors to bring about the inequality of personal social-economic status. Parents＇ social-economic status can influence the obtaining ofthe individual human capital through the family background and other factors,hence enhancing personal social-economic status. Particularly, a father who is a party member and has received higher educationcan significantly improve the personal social-economic status. Intergenerational effect represents a profound social inequality. So, theunreasonable system must be changed to weaken the intergenerational effect on the individual and create afairer society.