“弘治中兴”:基于明代文学发展史意义上的考察

“Hongzhi literary resurgence”: a survey based on the history of the literature development of Ming Dynasty

与史学界对"弘治中兴说"的争议不同,文学界一致认同"弘治文学复兴"提法,却一直缺乏细致梳理和深入考察,一定程度上遮蔽了明中期的文学成就。"弘治文学复兴"局面主要表现为作家队伍不断壮大、文学交流十分频繁、文学理论和文学创作成果丰厚,其成因得益于该朝良好的政治文化环境和文学内部不断清算台阁体弊端的种种努力。弘治朝文学具有承前启后的过渡性特征,既反拨明前期台阁体文学,又开启明中期文学复古浪潮,为中晚明文学的全面繁荣奠定了坚实基础,是明中期乃至有明一代文学发展史上的重要一环。

Different from the dispute over the view of “Hongzhi resurgence” in historiography, there is consensus aboutthe view of “Hongzhi literary renaissance” in literary circle. The latter, however, obscures and veils mid-Ming literaryachievements to a certain extent due to the lack of thorough investigation. According to the present essay, “Hongzhiliterary renaissance” can be manifested in the growing number of writers, the frequency of literary exchanges, and theachievement of literary theory and creation. And the factors leading to its formation lie in the favorable political andcultural environments and various efforts to liquidate the disadvantage of Secretariat style in the literary circle. TheHongzhi literature has the features of transition and continuity, counteracting with the Secretariat style in the earlyperiod and starting to revert to the old ways in mid-Ming Dynasty, hence laying a solid basis for the literature in themiddle and late Ming Dynasty, and functioning as an important part of the literature of the mid and late Ming or eventhe whole Ming Dynasty.