“海绵城市”理论与实践

“SPONGE CITY”: THEORY AND PRACTICE

当今中国正面临着水资源短缺,水质污染,洪涝灾害,水生物栖息地丧失等多种水问题。这些水问题综合症是系统性、综合的问题,亟需一个更为综合全面的解决方案。"海绵城市"理论的提出正是立足这一背景。文章基于生态系统服务、景观安全格局等理论,结合北京市、六盘水市以及哈尔滨群力国家湿地公园等案例,详细阐述了"海绵城市"概念的源起、发展、内涵和构建方法体系,指出"海绵城市"有别于传统的工程依赖性治水思路和"灰色"基础设施,它作为一种生态途径,其构建核心在于建立跨尺度的水生态基础设施,以综合解决中国城乡突出的水问题,并对未来"海绵城市"的研究方向提出了展望。

China is facing a variety of water problems such as water shortage, water pollution, flooding and aquatic habitat degradation, which are intertwined components of a greater and more complex issue demanding for an equally integrative and comprehensive solution that needs seamless coordination among different authorities. The theory of ＂Sponge City＂ is formed in response to China＇s water issues. Developed on the basis of the theory of eco-system service and landscape security pattern, and with the cases of Beijing, Liupanshui and Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin as references, this paper explicates the origin, development, content and methodologies of the ＂Sponge City＂ concept. The paper also points out that different from traditional engineering-oriented approach and the ＂grey＂ infrastructure, the ＂sponge city＂, as an ecological approach, is built upon multi-scale hydro- ecological infrastructure to provide an integrated solution to the prominent water problems in urban and rural areas of China. The successive research field and direction has also been forecasted at the end of the paper.