深圳福田红树林弧边招潮蟹觅食行为的研究

The study of foraging behavior of Uca arcuata in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen

为了研究深圳福田红树林自然保护区弧边招潮蟹Uca arcuata的觅食行为特征,于2013年7—9月在凤塘河码头、2号鱼塘潮沟、3号鱼塘潮沟,借助望远镜观察了弧边招潮蟹的进食行为、边走边食行为和进食速率。共观察了673只弧边招潮蟹的进食、边走边食行为和519只弧边招潮蟹的进食速率,结果表明:弧边招潮蟹在5min的观察期内用于进食和边走边食上的时间比例分别是42.27%、26.99%,平均进食速率为50.44次·min–1。生境、时间、性别均对弧边招潮蟹的进食行为有显著影响,生境对边走边食行为有显著影响,生境和性别对进食速率有极显著影响。弧边招潮蟹的觅食行为特征可以反映水质的污染状况。实验丰富了弧边招潮蟹的研究、有助于更深入全面的了解红树林生态系统,也对今后红树林的管理和保护具有一定的帮助。

In order to study the foraging behavior of Uca arcuata in Futian M.angrove Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, we investigated the behavior of feeding, feeding while walking and feeding rate of Uca arcuata with the help of binocular in Fengtang river dock, No. 2 tidal creek and No. 3 tidal creek, from July to September in 2013. The results showed that altogether, 673 Uca arcuata crabs were sampled for the behavior of feeding and feeding while walking. 519 Uca arcuata crabs were investigated for the feeding rate. Within 5 min, 42.27% of their time was spent on feeding, and 26.99% was on feeding while walking. The average feeding rate of Uca arcuata was 50.44 feeding motions-min-1. Habitat, temporal variation and sexual had significant impact on the feeding behavior. Habitat variation has significant effect on the behavior of feeding while walking. Habitat and sexual had significant effect on feeding rate. The feeding behavior of Uca arcuata can reflect the pollution state of the mangroves and can improve the pollution state with enhanced feeding activities. Thus, this study enriched the study of Uca arcuata, and helped us have a further and overall understanding of mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, it is helpful in the future management and restoration of mangroves.