美国页岩气产业的方针政策及对中国的启示

The Shale Gas Policies in USA and Its Application for China's Shale Gas Development

随着常规油气的勘探难度逐渐增大,各国政府与大型油气公司开始关注非常规油气资源的开发和利用。美国页岩气的商业化开发不但与其良好的地质条件相关,还与其一系列的方针和措施相关。中国页岩气的发展尽管取得了部分成绩,但整体上仍处于摸索阶段。在本阶段,中国页岩气产业需要充分学习美国在开发方面的经验,同时结合国情制定更为合理的产业方针与政策,促进页岩气产业的健康发展。综合分析美国在产业引导、科技激励、设备配套等方面的政策可发现,它们无一例外地起到了推动产业发展的作用。因此,中国页岩气产业的发展需要在制定合理的发展规划、进行财政支持、深入基础地质研究、加强技术革新、建立风险规避机制、加快基础设施建设和突出环境保护7个方面努力。

As the conventional hydrocarbon exploration is becoming more difficult,governments and petroleum corporations focus more attention on unconventional hydrocarbon resources. The successful development of shale gas in America is not only related with its unique geological conditions,but also related with the favorable policies for development. Although the shale gas exploration in China has achieved many achievements,it is still at the primary stage. China has to learn America＇ s experience to establish its own policies,but China＇ s law situation has to be taken into account in the process. The policies such as developing guidance,science inspiration and facility supporting have promoted America＇ s shale gas development. Thus,China has to take out strong measurement such as developing planning,financial supporting,theoretical studying,science importing and innovating,risk avoiding,facility supporting and environment protecting.