2012-2014年吉林省农村环境卫生监测结果分析

Investigation of rural environmental sanitation in Jilin province 2012-2014

目的掌握吉林省农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及其动态变化,客观评价吉林省农村环境卫生状况,为制订农村环境治理政策措施提供科学依据。方法按分层随机方式抽样,每年选取9个县(市),每个县(市)抽取5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择4个村,每村抽取5户,采用统一调查表,通过访谈、现场观察等收集相关资料。结果吉林省农村生活垃圾以定点堆放为主,处理方式以填埋为主,堆放点蚊蝇密度较高,臭味较重;生活污水以随意排放为主,排放地点主要是坑塘。农村卫生厕所普及率较低,平均覆盖率为21.43%;居民饮开水率3年间增长22.86%,饭前便后都洗手的比例3年间增长23.06%。灭鼠工作开展较好,灭蝇灭蚊的控制工作较差;农村保洁人员覆盖率有所增长,环境卫生管理经费投入不足。结论农村垃圾、污水处理率和卫生厕所普及率低,蚊蝇控制工作较差,环境卫生状况有待进一步提高。

Objective To understand the present situation and trend of environmental hygiene in rural areas of Jilin prov- ince. Methods Five families in each village from 20 villages in each county of 9 counties were selected using proportional stratified randomized sampling every year. Monitoring data was collected by interview and field observation using uniform questionnaire. Results Living garbage collection was mainly piled up by the fixed -point stacking, the main disposal method of living garbage was sanitary landfill, the flies density were high in dumps and most of them were stunk. The living sewage was discharged arbitrarily mainly, wastewater directly flew into ponds. The popularity rate of sanitary latrines was 21.43% for three years. The elevated rates of households drank boiled water and washed hands before eating and after toilet were 22. 86% and 20. 36% respectively for three years. The controlling work of deratization was better than killing flies and mosquitoes. The coverage rate of cleaners in rural areas was raised, the appropriation allotment of environmental sanitary administration was not enough. Conclusion Treatment rate of wastewater garbage and popularity rate of sanitary latrines are low in rural areas, the work of controlling flies and mosquitoes is worse than deratizatiom It is urgent to improve the environmental sanitation in rural areas.