不同心理弹性个体在挫折情境下的注意偏向——积极音乐的作用

Effects of frustration situation,resilience and positive music on attentional bias

目的:探讨心理弹性和积极音乐对个体在挫折情境下注意偏向的影响。方法:通过中文版心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)按分值高低从650名大学生中分别选取高低心理弹性被试各30名。采用2(心理弹性:高、低)×3(挫折情境:无挫折情境、无音乐背景的挫折情境、有积极音乐背景的挫折情境)×2(词性:积极词、消极词)的三因素混合实验设计,使用情绪Stroop任务范式,比较高低心理弹性个体在不同挫折情境下对积极词和消极词颜色命名的反应时。结果:不同挫折情境下个体对消极词的反应时差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高低心理弹性和不同挫折情境在个体对积极词反应时中的交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.01),低心理弹性组中,无挫折情境和有积极音乐背景挫折情境下的反应时长于无音乐背景挫折情境[(476.3±85.6)vs.(456.0±54.0)vs.(427.1±61.1),P<0.05],高心理弹性组中,无音乐背景挫折情境的反应时长于无挫折情境下的反应时[(472.1±82.9)vs.(432.4±53.2),P<0.05]。结论:个体在挫折情境下对消极信息有显著的注意偏向,且心理弹性和积极音乐对个体在挫折情境下积极信息的注意偏向可能有明显的调节作用。

Objective：To explore effects of frustration situation,resilience and positive music on attentional bias by a behavioral experiment.Methods：Totally 60 participants were chosen from 650 college students according to their scores in Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC）.Then,a 2（resilience,high/low）×3（experimental treatment,no frustration/frustration with positive music /frustration without any background）×2（vocabulary,posi-tive /passive）mixed design experiment was conducted to investigate the attentional bias of participants in emotional Stroop paradigm.Results：Reaction times to passive vocabulary were different significantly in three frustration situa-tions（P 〈0.01）.Interaction of resilience and frustration on reaction time to positive vocabulary was significant （P〈0.01）.Among the participants with low resilience,reaction time to positive vocabulary in the situation without frustration or the frustration situation with positive music was longer significantly than that in the frustration situa-tion without any background [（476.3 ±85.6）vs.（456.0 ±54.0）vs.（427.1 ±61.1）,P 〈0.05].Among the par-ticipants with high resilience,reaction time to positive vocabulary in the frustration situation without any background was longer than that in the situation without frustration [（472.1 ±82.9）vs.（432.4 ±53.2）,P 〈0.05].Conclu-sion：It suggests that individuals may have obviously attentional bias to negative stimulus in frustration situation,and effects of resilience and positive music on attentional bias in situation may be obvious.