《中医诊断学》教材中28脉的归纳方法初探

Discussion on method of classifying the 28 kinds of pulse conditions in the Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine

脉诊是"中医诊断学"教学中的重要内容,但脉象的非直观性使得初学者体会和掌握脉象时有一定困难。为了起到执简驭繁的作用,历年出版的《中医诊断学》规划教材均以浮、沉、迟、数、虚、实六脉为纲,以此6种纲脉的脉象构成要素为分类依据,归纳了其余脉象。六纲分类法中的6个纲脉,与表里、寒热、虚实的辨证纲领相对应,该分类法虽简明扼要,但鉴于一些脉象为多要素构成的复合脉,使得以"一要素概括多要素"的六纲分类归纳法不能体现相应类别下复合脉的多维性和独特性,且因为脉象要素的多样性,六纲脉中涉及的6种要素不能涵盖其他要素,从而不能准确反映相应类别下一些脉象的特征,不利于学生对脉象特征的正确理解和准确把握。因此,在阐述构成脉象的基本要素特征的基础上,以"构成要素分解脉象"的形式,通过列表归纳28脉的特征,旨在让初学者系统理解并掌握28脉中每种脉体象特征的整体性和独特性。

Pulse feeling is an important content in teaching diagnostics of Chinese medicine. Most beginners often find it difficult to learn different pulse conditions. Earlier version course-books of the Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine tend to adopt the six guiding principles for pulse conditions, namely, to adopt six pulse conditions of floating pulse, deep pulse, slow pulse, rapid pulse, deficient pulse and excess pulse as the outline to classify other pulse conditions. By doing so, it is simple to identify similar pulse condition and work in concert with the eight-principle syndrome differentiation. But this method cannot cover all various pulse conditions, especially the compound pulse conditions. To help students fully and correctly understand all pulse conditions, this paper suggests taking the component element method to classify the 28 pulse conditions.