战国时期楚方言第一人称代词“吾”“我”比较研究

The Comparison of the First Personal Pronouns “Wu” and “Wo” of the Chu Dialect in the Zhanguo Period

上古汉语第一人称代词系统比较复杂,到了战国时期,"吾""我"成为最重要的两个第一人称代词。本文从语言的地域性差异角度出发,通过对战国时期楚方言的传世文献——《楚辞》以及楚地出土的战国竹简的全面考察,发现战国时期楚方言中的"吾"是比"我"活跃得多的第一人称代词;"吾"较"我"在宾语功能上存在不足;二者在语义方面存在差异,但在称数及表谦敬功能上表现一致。

The first personal pronouns system of ancient times is very complex, “Wo” （我） and “Wu” （吾） are the two most im- portant first personal pronouns in ZhanGuo Period. Based on the statistics of “ChuCi” and bamboo slips of zhanGuo Period, we find that “Wu” is more active than “Wo” ; “Wu” has inadequacy in object function; “Wo” and “Wu” have difference in sematic fea- tures, however, in number change and grammatical functions they have something in common.