船载液化矿粉晃荡特性的数值仿真与实验研究

Numerical simulation and experiment study of sloshing characteristics of shipborne liquefied ore powder

近年来,以镍矿粉为代表的易流态化货物在海上运输中由于矿粉随船舶持续晃荡形成液化流动导致沉船的事故时有发生。本文首先基于常见船舱结构尺寸建立三维船载液化矿粉数值模型,然后利用高性能计算机和CFD软件Fluent模拟分析数个周期内矿粉随船舱横摇时的运动变化规律,并对更长时间内矿粉货物受晃荡影响产生单侧堆积现象加剧趋势进行模拟分析。此外,通过室内小比例模型进一步考察研究液化矿粉晃荡的形成过程,并通过实验数据和对应小比例数值模型计算结果的对比,对研究手段和数据的准确性进行相互验证。研究结果旨在为矿粉货物的远洋运输安全和相关沉船成因分析提供依据和参考。

Marine transportation of cargoes which may liquefy, typically represented by nickel ore powder, is connected with shipwreck incidents happened occasionally due to liquefaction and flow behavior in recent years. This paper firstly established a three-dimensional numerical model based on common cabin sizes, and simulated the movement and change regularity of ore powder along with cabin in several periods by using high-performance computer and a CFD software Fluent. It was also analyzed that how the sloshing ore powder showed an intensifying tendency to accumulate on one side in longer time. Furthermore, an indoor small-scale model was used to investigate the gradual sloshing characteristics of liquefied ore powder, and the accuracy of data acquired by these two methods were mutually authenticated by comparison. All the findings were aimed to provide foundation and reference for ocean transportation safety of ore powder cargo and capsizing causes of relevant ships.