37例儿童预防接种不良反应监测分析及预防对策

Analysis and prevention measures of monitoring adverse reaction of vaccination in 37 children

目的了解旧宫儿童接种疫苗后常见的不良反应的现况和影响因素。方法分析旧宫医院2010-2014年监测旧宫辖区的AEFI数据,将其按照一般反应、异常反应、偶合症进行统计分析。结果 18种疫苗的预防接种中,记录11种疫苗发生疫苗不良反应37例,其中AEFI发生率为16.64/10万剂次。一般反应23例,异常反应9例,一般反应和异常反应同时发生的5例,偶合症监测为0例。1~2岁发生的AEFI人数最多20人,构成比占54.05%,主要和接种第四剂次DPT和第一剂次MMR有关,出现发热症状的17例,83.33%的儿童均接种了DPT,发生皮疹的14例,71.43%的儿童接种含麻类疫苗。接种流感疫苗的AEFI的发生率居首。结论严格规范接种流程,避免补种与多类疫苗、有价疫苗同时接种,建立完善的AEFI监控系统,建立有效的疫苗不良反应救济体系,有效防控疫苗不良反应的发生。

Objective To know the status and influencial factors of childhood vaccination common adverse reactions in Jiugong. Methods Descriptive analysis was applied on the monitoring data of adverse reactions following immunization （AEFI） from 2010 to 2014 in jiugong hospital. All the accepted reports were classified as non-serious, serious reaction or opportunity cases according to the symptoms and medical records. Results the number of the adverse reaction is 37 cases about 11 vaccine vaccine in 18 vaccine vaccination record occurred, the incidence of AEFI was 16.64/10 million doses. 23 cases of general reaction, abnormal reaction in 9 cases, 5 cases of non-serious reaction and serious reaction to occur at the same time, opportunity in monitoring of 0 cases. The number ofAEFI occured in up to 20 people, which was 54.05% during 1~2 years, related mainly with the fourth doses of DPT and the first dose of MMR, 17 cases had symptoms of fever, 83.33% of the children were vaccinated with DPT, 14 case of rash, 71.43% of children with hemp vaccine inoculation. The top rate of occurrence of influenza vaccination in AEFL Conclusion We should regulate strictly the inoculation process, avoid the reseeding and multi type of vaccine, non-basic immunization vaccine are inoculated simultaneously, the establishment of AEFI monitoring system perfect, establish the relief system of adverse reactions occurred in the effective vaccine to control and reduce effectively AEFI.