改革开放以来我国农地制度的变迁及政策建议

China's Rural Land Reforms since 1979 and Policy Recommendations

改革开放以来,我国确立了农民对土地的承包经营权,2002年颁布的《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》规定农民对土地的承包经营权可以依法采取转让、出租、入股、抵押或者其他方式流转,扩大了农民对土地的承包经营和使用权限。与此同时,还逐步完善了国家对农民土地的征用办法和程序以及对农民的补偿安置办法。我国土地制度变革的总体特征是在政府主导下,农民积极参与推动,扩大了农民使用土地的自由度,增加了土地使用的灵活性。在新的土地制度变革过程中,应进一步确保农民对土地的产权、完善征地制度和规范土地流转。

After the reform and opening up,farmers’right to contracted management was established.The Land Contract Law in 2002 expands farmers’rights to legally manage and use the land through circulation,lease, contribution,mortgage and other transferring methods.At the same time,improvements have been made to expropriate land,increase efficiency of its process as well as to resettle and compensate for farmers.This land reform is unique in that though government-led,it still enjoys active participation of and strong impetus from farmers who in turn can use the land more freely and flexibly.In the process of new land reform,further efforts should be made to guarantee farmers’ownership,improve expropriation system and standardize land transfer.