刑事冤错案件的深层成因探赜——基于典型案例与司法语境的解读

Deep Causes of the Criminal Misjudged Cases:An Interpretation Based on the Typical Cases and Judicial Context

司法规范化的到场、权力高层的关注、学者学术研究的关怀使得对刑事冤错案件深层成因的理性解读成为一种契机。实证样本研究表明,我国刑事冤错案件的纠错原因多具偶然性、救济管道不畅通、救济进程存在博弈。对两种主流范式的省思可以发现,观念误区与制度痹症是"话语中心论"的关注焦点,而科技落后与认知局限则是"物质中心论"的论证理据。法治话语的实践困境、司法政策的倾向性与司法绩效的实体导向性等转型时期的历史、社会及制度语境决定了中国刑事冤错案件的普遍性和必然性。

The emergence of standardization of judicial power, the attention from the power at the top and the academic concern of scholars make it become a kind of opportunity to take a rational interpretation of the criminal misjudged cases. Taking typical miscarriage justice cases as empirical samples, we can see that in China＇ s crimi- nal misjudged cases, the reason of correcting relief has contingency, relief channel is not smooth, and relief process has attribute of game. While making a reflection on two kinds of mainstream paradigm, we can find that concept misunderstanding and institutional paralysis are the focuses of ＂Discourse - oriented Theory＂, and lagging technolo- gy and cognitive limitations are the demonstration motivations of ＂Material -oriented Theory＂. The historical, so- cial and institutional context such as practice plight of the rule of law discourse, the tendency of the judicial policy and the entity oriented of judicial performance determine the universality and necessity in current China＇ s criminal misjudged cases.