中国北斗卫星导航系统落户阿拉伯世界的机遇与风险

On the Implementation of Beidou Navigation Satellite System in the Arab World:Opportunities and Risks

卫星导航系统是大国硬实力的重要标志,是科技外交的载体。新时期,大国在卫星导航系统领域已经形成了"一超"(美国的GPS系统)、"多强"(欧盟的伽利略、俄罗斯的格洛纳斯与中国的北斗系统)和"多中心"(印度区域导航卫星系统和日本准天顶卫星导航系统)的格局。北斗卫星导航系统在阿拉伯世界的推广是"一带一路"战略的重要内容,是深化中国与阿盟战略合作伙伴关系、实现"互联互通"的重要举措,也是北斗系统"走出去"战略和未来十年加快全球布局的重要一步。北斗系统落户阿拉伯世界涉及安全、政治、经济和技术等四个维度的问题,其在阿拉伯世界推广面临政治风险、安全风险、法律风险和社会文化风险等四类挑战。北斗系统在阿拉伯世界的推广应坚持循序渐进的原则,在海湾地区、东地中海地区和北非地区应分别确立支点国家,通过支点国家形成示范与辐射效应,为今后北斗系统全面打开中东和非洲市场奠定基础。

Satellite navigation systems are the symbols of states＇ hard power, and the means for scientific diplomacy as well. In the new era, the structure of great powers＇ satellite navigation systems are characterized by ＂one superpower＂ （the US GPS）, ＂multi-pillars＂ （EU＇s Galileo, Russian GLONASS and Chinese Beidou） and ＂multi-centers＂ （India regional navigation satellite system and Japanese quasi zenith satellite navigation system）. Beidou is of great significance to promote ＂One-Beh and One-Road Strategy＂ in the Arab world, and the essential measures to deepen the strategic partnership between China and the Arab League in interconnectivity; it will also be an essential step for Beidou＇s ＂going global＂ strategy in the long run. The implementation of Beidou in the Arab world concerns four dimensions of security, political, economic and technological challenges with political, security, legal and socio-cuhural risks. Its implementation should follow an incremental principle, set pivotal states in the Gulf, East Mediterranean and North Africa, forging a model and create a radiation effect, which will lay a solid foundation for Beidou to open the Middle East and African market.