历史维度中“市民社会”概念的研究路径及其启示——望月清司思想的文本解读

Research Approach of "Civil Society" Concept in Historical Dimension and Its Revelation

"市民社会"是早期马克思最重要的概念之一,是马克思研究政治经济学,解决现实的"物质利益"问题的切入点,是准确理解马克思的历史理论的关键。但长期以来,这一概念被有意无意忽视,或者直接被"资本主义"取代。日本马克思主义学者望月清司以文本为原点,通过对马克思思想形成过程的分析,得出"市民社会"概念是串起马克思关于"共同体"—"市民社会"—"社会主义"这一历史认识,是理解和预测"社会主义"—"共产主义"这一未来历史过程的"应有之物"。了解望月清司"市民社会论"的分析方法,不仅有助于我们更好地阅读马克思的经典著作,还能在中国特色社会主义经济制度受到某些质疑时更好地对这些质疑做出回应。

＂Civil society＂ is one of the most important philosophies of Karl Marx in early time. It is an entry point for Marx to study political economy and settle issues relating to realistic ＂material interests＂, and the key of correctly understanding the historical theory of Marx. However, this philosophy has been long neglected consciously or unconsciously, or even directly substituted by ＂Capitalism＂. Mochizuki Seiji, a Japanese Marxist scholar, starting from the text, analyzes the formation process of the Marx＇s thoughts, and draws a conclusion that the philosophy of ＂civil society＂ is a link of Marx＇s historical understanding of ＂community＂-＂civil society＂ - ＂socialism＂ and is a ＂due concept＂ to understand and forecast the future historical process of ＂socialism＂-＂communism＂. Through understanding Mochizuki Seiji＇s analysis method of the ＂civil society theory＂, it will benefit us to better read and understand classics of Karl Marx, and will help us give better responses to the doubts about the socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics.