环境质量、健康人力资本与经济增长

Environmental Quality,Healthy Human Capital and Economic Growth

本文在Blanchard(1985)世代交叠模型的基础上,考察了环境污染如何通过健康影响到经济增长,认为平衡增长路径中的最优增长率受到环境污染的负向影响,环境因素对长期最优增长的影响可以由污染对预期寿命的影响来解释,教育和医疗卫生可以在一定程度上缓解环境健康风险。在理论分析基础上,本文运用1992-2011年我国28个省份的数据,通过面板差分GMM和系统GMM方法在克服内生性影响基础上,考察了环境污染对健康和经济增长的影响。研究发现,环境污染确实对国民健康产生了显著的负面影响,并通过健康影响到经济增长;教育人力资本和医疗卫生服务可以减轻污染健康风险;环境污染的健康损害还会影响到劳动力供给和劳动生产率;联立方程组检验进一步表明了本文结论的稳健性。这表明,通过一定的环境污染代价来实现经济快速增长可能并不具有持久性,过度污染会拖累和阻碍经济增长,经济发展过程中的环境代价和健康代价是综合评估经济发展质量的重要参考标准。对此,应树立"保护生态环境就是保护生产力,改善生态环境就是发展生产力"的可持续发展理念,同时加强环境教育,普及环境健康知识,持续提升医疗卫生服务水平。

On the basis of the overlapping generations model of Blanchard （1985）, this paper examines how pollution affects economic growth, and optimal growth of balanced growth path by the negative impact of environmental pollution through health. The impact of environmental factors on the optimal long-term growth can be explained by the impact of pollution on life expectancy, environmental health risks can be mitigated by education and health to a certain extent. Based on the theoretical analysis, using 1992--2011 data of China＇s 28 provinces, through system GMM difference GMM method to overcome the impact of endogenous basis, this paper examines the impact of environmental pollution on health and economic growth, and empirical studies confirms the theoretical analysis of reliability. This paper suggests that the expense of rapid economic growth through certain environmental pollution may not be persistent, excessive pollution will drag and hinder economic growth, economic development and health costs of environmental pollution is an important reference standard for comprehensive assessment of the quality of economic development. In this regard, we should establish the concept of sustainable development of ＂ protecting the environment is to protect productivity, improving the ecological environment is the development of the productive forces＂, while strengthening environmental education, universal health knowledge environment and continuing to enhance the level of health services.