碳排放标签政策的实施及问题研究

Study on Carbon Label Policy Implementation and the Existent Problems

为了控制碳排放,引导消费者购买低碳产品,很多国家都通过立法或者相关规制建立碳排放标签制度,我国也即将开始实施。政府(或环保组织)作为游戏规则的制定者,在碳标签政策方面,需要解决碳排放标签标准如何设置的问题。考虑当企业面临对产品价格和单位产品碳排放均敏感的消费者时,分析企业在碳标签环境政策下的产销和减排决策,在企业与消费者纳什均衡的基础上,站在碳标签标准制定方的视角,以社会福利最大化为决策标准,定量给出了碳标签标准的设定。最后,单纯的碳标签政策虽然对于有效降低单位产品的碳排放有显著作用,但是对于碳排放总量的影响却存在不确定性,应把碳标准政策与碳排放总量控制相结合,才能实现单位产品碳排放和碳排放总量的下降。

In order to control carbon emissions and guide consumers to buy low-carbon products, many countries have passed some legislation or related regulation about carbon label, China will also begin to implement. The government or environmental groups need to solve the problem of how to set up a carbon label standard. The paper studies the decision making of producing and emission reduction from enterprises when consumers are sensitive for the product price and carbon emissions per unit product. On the basis of the Nash equilibrium for the enterprises and consumers, quantitative carbon labels standard set is presented when maximizing social welfare from the government perspective. Finally, the paper found that although the carbon label policies have significant effect in reducing the carbon emission per unit product, for the influence of total carbon emission reductions there is uncertainty. The carbon label policy should be combined with total carbon emission control policy to achieve carbon emission per unit product and total carbon emission reduction.