拼焊板保险杠横梁耐撞性的离散优化设计

Discrete optimal design for crashworthiness of tailor welded blank bumper beam

为实现汽车设计的耐撞性和轻量化,将高强度钢拼焊板(TWB)结构运用到保险杠横梁,结合多目标离散优化方法,进行优化设计。运用Hypermesh软件,建立了原保险杠模型和拼焊板保险杠模型,并用LS-DYNA软件进行验证。横梁内、外板均由厚度不同的5块高强度钢板焊接而成。以提高保险杠横梁的吸能量,控制质量增加为优化目标,进行横梁三点静压仿真试验,对板材的材料和厚度参数进行迭代优化。结果表明:优化后的拼焊板保险杠横梁吸能量提高81.66%,质量只增加8.96%;从而满足了耐撞性和轻量化的要求,并具有更好的变形模式和碰撞载荷特性。

An optimized car bumper beam with crashworthiness and lightweight was designed applying Tailor Welded Blanks （TWB） structure with high-strength steel plates to a bumper beam, and combining the multi- objective discrete optimization method. A model for original bumper beam and a model of TWB bumper beam were established by using Hypermesh software, and then validated by LS-DYNA software. The outer and the inner plates of the TWB beam were made of 5 blanks with different thickness. The targets of iterate optimization were improving the energy absorbing and controlling the mass with different material parameters and different thickness parameters based on the Three Point Static Loading Test simulation of the TWB beam. The results show that the energy absorbed increases 81.66% for the optimized TWB beam with only an increase of 8.96% for mass. Therefore, the optimized TWB beam meets the demands of crashworthiness and lightweight with a better deformation mode and better collision load characteristics.