不同培肥措施下盐碱旱地土壤肥力特征综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility properties under fertilization methods in saline dry land

以黑龙江省肇州县苏打草甸碱土为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,通过不同培肥措施评价不同培肥措施下盐碱旱地土壤肥力特征。分别对2012和2013年各处理的土壤理化性质与玉米产量进行主成分分析,分别提取的2个因子可解释各自总方差的83.53%和88.16%,玉米产量和速效钾在因子1上有较高载荷,代表盐渍化土壤的生产性能与速效养分特征;土壤容重在因子2上具有较高载荷,代表土壤物理性状。比较盐渍化土壤肥力水平综合评价得分可知:2012与2013年各处理盐渍化土壤肥力的综合评价得分具有相似变化趋势,有机肥+盐碱化旱地专用配方肥处理的综合评价得分最高,并且与其他处理相比均达到显著差异,其次是玉米高茬还田+分解菌+有机肥+盐碱化旱地专用配方肥、玉米高茬还田+分解菌+有机肥+无机肥、有机肥+无机肥,无机肥对照处理的综合评价得分最低。研究表明,有机肥+盐碱化旱地专用配方肥是提升盐渍化土壤肥力的有效措施。

Soda meadow saline soil was studied as research objection in Zhaozhou County of Heilongjiang Province, the field plot experiment was random block design, the effects of different fertilization methods on fertility characteristics of soil fertility were evaluated in saline dry land. Based on the data of physicochemical properties and yield of maize under different treatments in 2012 and 2013, factor analysis is carried out with SPSS software, 2 principal factors extracted could respectively represent 83.53% and 88.16% the total information of original data. For the first factor, the measured soil attributes with higher Ioadings were the yield of maize and available K, which represented production performance and available nutrition characteristics of salinization soil, and for the second factors, the measured soil attributes with higher loading was bulk density, which represented physical properties of salinization soil. According to comprehensive evaluation score： there was a similar trend of comprehensive evaluation scores about salinization soil fertility under different fertilization methods in 2012 and 2013, the score of organic fertilizer＋saline dry land special fertilizer treatment is the highest, there was a significant difference between this treatment and other treatments, secondly maize straw high stubble returning ＋ decomposing bacteria ＋ organic fertilizer ＋ saline dry land special fertilizer treatment, maize straw high stubble returning ＋ decomposing bacteria ＋ organic fertilizer ＋ inorganic fertilizer treatment, organic fertilizer＋ inorganic fertilizer treatment, the score of control treatment with inorganic fertilizer was lowest. The results indicated that the organic fertilizer＋saline dry land special fertilizer treatment is effective fertilization method for improving salinization soil fertility.